Jika si kecil ingin minum biasakan ia belajar menuangkan air langsung ke gelas seperti milik anggota keluarga lainnya. Latihan ini sangat penting untuk mendukung kemandirian sekaligus perkembangan motoriknya. Saat itu, orangtua tak perlu repot-repot mensterilkan gelasnya terlebih dulu, apalagi sampai harus merebusnya.

Pada dasarnya kuman memberi manfaat tersendiri dalam membentuk kekebalan tubuh anak. Setiap kuman
yang masuk justru akan membangun kekebalan tubuh sehingga kalau kemasukan jenis kuman yang sama, jadi tidak gampang sakit. Gambaran ini mirip dengan vaksinasi; dengan memasukkan bibit penyakit TBC yang sudah dilemahkan diharapkan anak menjadi kebal terhadapnya. Seperti halnya pada organ-organ lain, pada usus pun kuman membentuk semacam ekosistem. Dalam jumlah tertentu, kuman-kuman tadi akan menjaga ekosis-tem dalam pencernaan. Itulah mengapa perlakuan kelewat bersih justru akan membuat kekebalan alamiah bayi berkurang.
 

STERILISASI BOTOL SUSU

PERABOT MAKAN CUKUP DISIRAM AIR PANAS

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN 

Yudhasmara Foundation 

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.

Even if his system could handle it, cow’s milk doesn’t have all the vitamins and minerals (especially vitamin E, zinc, and iron) that he needs for growth and development in his first year. Giving a baby cow’s milk could even cause iron deficiency and internal bleeding. And it can increase his risk of an allergic reaction.

Once your baby’s digestive system is ready to digest it, though, milk becomes a powerful ally. A great source of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, and magnesium, milk will build your toddler’s bones and teeth and help his body regulate his blood coagulation and muscle control. Almost all milk is fortified with vitamin D, which helps the body absorb the calcium it needs.

Milk also provides protein for growth, as well as carbohydrates, which will give your child the energy he needs to toddle all day! And if your child gets enough calcium from the get-go, there’s evidence that he’ll have a lower risk of high blood pressure, stroke, colon cancer, and hip fractures later in life.

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN

Yudhasmara Foundation

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.

• are usually much more expensive
• usually taste bitter to downright bad because the technology required to predigest (hydrolyze) the protein into more easily-digestible units results in a more bitter-tasting protein
• The nutritional quality of the changed or absent nutrient may be less than in standard formulas.
• Less is known about the long-term effects of feeding babies these special formulas. In other words, all formulas are experimental, but some are more experimental than others.

The following are the most popular specialty formulas at this writing: Lactose-free formulas (e.g., Lacto-free, Mead Johnson) are an example of new formula products that are driven more by market demand than scientific sense. Many formula-fed babies (and breastfed babies, too) get fussy, resulting in what we call the formula parade: switching from one formula to another until either something works or the baby’s intestines mature and he outgrows the problem. Whatever formula you’re using at the time gets the credit. The fact is that oftentimes baby’s fussiness is not due to the formula, but to other unrelated causes. Nevertheless, formula gets the blame, so factories step up with new varieties to keep up with the demand. Hence lactose- free formulas.

Lactose-intolerance is over-diagnosed in babies (as it is in adults). It’s easy to blame formula, and therefore lactose, for baby’s fussiness. Think for a moment. If so many babies are lactose-intolerant, why would lactose be the sugar in human milk? True, human milk also contains the enzyme lactase that helps babies absorb the lactose, whereas formula does not, but milk lactase doesn’t do the whole job. It does seem that nature would provide the intestines of nearly all babies with enough lactose to get through at least a year or so of milk-feeding (lactose is only present in dairy products and not other foods).

The main difference in lactose-free formula is that the lactose sugar has been replaced by other sugars, usually corn syrup and sucrose (table sugar). The protein and fat blend is the same as in cow’s milk-based formulas. The biochemist who dreams up the formula believes that sugar is sugar, and substituting corn syrup and sucrose for lactose is no big deal. Lactose is eventually broken down into glucose, as are corn syrup and sucrose, so it shouldn’t matter. Actually, the intestines break the lactose down into two sugars – galactose and glucose. Both of these sugars are absorbed into the bloodstream. No one really knows what galactose does or why it’s beneficial, just as no one knows the whole story about how the body reacts to sugars from corn syrup and sucrose. So, we’re back to the non-science of common sense. If the human baby (like all mammals) didn’t do better with galactose, it wouldn’t be there in the first place. The milk sugar would have been pure glucose. Like so many other nutrients in formula, there is one big WE DON’T KNOW about lactose-free formulas.

We also know that lactose does more than just supply energy. The lactose that doesn’t get digested in the upper intestine contributes to what is called the friendly ecology of the gut. Lactose helps healthful bacteria thrive. Lactose- free formulas not only deprive baby of lactose, they also deprive those trillions of friendly bugs that live in the intestines and do good things for the body. Lactose also facilitates calcium absorption in the gut, so that babies on lactose-free formulas may run the risk of not getting enough calcium.

Lactose-free formulas (including soy formulas) are often tried when a baby has symptoms of lactose intolerance, such as excessive bloating, gas, diarrhea, a red burn-like rash around the anus, and abdominal cramping. They are useful in babies who have rare metabolic diseases in which they are missing the enzyme that metabolize lactose. (This only occurs in around one of 65,000 babies.) Lactose-free formulas can also be tried in babies recovering from a diarrhea- producing illness and who suffer from a temporary lactase-deficiency while the intestinal lining is healing.

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN

Yudhasmara Foundation

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.

• The protein problem: In contrast to formulas that advertise “partially hydrolyzed protein,” in these formulas the proteins need to be completely hydrolyzed or broken down into smaller parts in order for the label to carry the term “hypoallergenic.” This requires intense processing that results in a bitter, almost unpalatable flavor, despite the high content of sweeteners. Tasting one of these formulas is enough to make any mother want to re-lactate.
• The carbohydrate problem. When the protein is hydrolyzed, the lactose is also taken out of the milk, so the manufacturer has to add carbohydrates — usually corn syrup, sucrose, corn starch, or even tapioca. As we described above, substituting other sugars for lactose may not be a good idea. Nor is it necessarily true that a baby with protein allergies will also be lactose intolerant.
• The salt problem. Hypoallergenic formulas are 30 to 90 percent higher in salt.
• The fat problem. The fat blend of Alimentum or Nutramigen is the same as found in each manufacturer’s cow’s-milk-based formulas, Similac and Enfamil, respectively. The primary fats in Pregestamil are medium-chain triglycerides, an intestinal-friendly fat that is used in children with fat malabsorption disorders. MCT’s are a factory-made fat. They do not occur in nature, and they provide no essential fatty acids essential for a baby’s growing brain and body. MCT’s can be used as an energy supplement to boost weight gain in infants growing slowly. Yet, they should not be a baby’s main fat source unless advised by your doctor. Pregestamil should not be given to healthy babies with no proven fat malabsorption disorders, or to infants with impaired liver function.
• The price problem. The infant pays a high nutritional price for these formulas, and parents discover that hypoallergenic formulas are four to five times more expensive than standard formulas.

Our conclusion: Hypoallergenic formulas should not be used without a doctor’s recommendation, and then only if there is a definite medical reason. Don’t switch to one of these formulas just because baby is “fussy” without trying different standard formulas first.

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN

Yudhasmara Foundation

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.

Comparing proteins. In looking at the protein content of the big three brands (Similac , Enfamil, and Carnation), you will notice the main difference is in the whey/casein ratio. In recent years there seems to be a whey war going on among formula makers, and each company has its own semi-scientific rationale as to why their product is best. Carnation contains 100 percent whey, claiming that the cow’s milk casein used in other brands, unlike the casein in human milk, forms difficult-to-digest curds that contribute to constipation. As an added perk, Carnation predigests the whey, breaking the protein up into smaller particles which are supposed to be easier for a baby to digest.

Enfamil promotes a 60/40 whey-to-casein ratio similar to human milk. Actually, a 70/30 whey/casein ratio is more typical of human milk, and the whey content of some human milk can be as high as 80 percent. Similac has always claimed that casein was the best protein, and for many years Similac formulas were 82 percent casein and 18 percent whey. In recent years, Similac has “improved” on this, and now boasts 48 percent whey and 52 percent casein. How much of this is science, how much is market pressure, and how many other factors are involved is hard to say. A consumer might conclude that Similac isn’t sure about the optimal protein composition and seems to be going along with the whey crowd, but not as far as Carnation. Similac backs up their protein choice with studies showing the amino acid profile in the blood of Similac-fed infants is similar to the amino acid profile in the blood of breastfed infants. Unlike the manufacturers of Carnation and Enfamil who claim their formulas are most like human milk “on paper,” Ross, the maker of Similac, has departed from this way of thinking and formulates their protein based on what actually gets into baby’s blood, not what is listed on the can. This approach seems to have more scientific merit. Until this whey war is settled, let your baby’s own digestion system be the guide.

Comparing fats. The label tells you that the fat in all artificial baby milks comes from vegetable oils. There is no acceptable alternative source, though long ago some infant formulas were made with lard. The five types of vegetable oils that are used are palm olein (not to be confused with saturated palm or palm kernel oil), soy, coconut, safflower, and sunflower. The different blends of these oils all have percentages of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids similar to breastmilk, though some rely more on one oil than another. Sunflower oil, for example, is extremely high in monounsaturates, whereas safflower is high in polyunsaturates. Formula companies claim that regardless of the source of the fat, as long as the final blend yields a fatty acid profile similar to human milk it’s okay for babies. Enfamil has even published a study showing that their product has a fatty acid profile similar to that of breastmilk. Actually, comparing the fat profile of human milk with the fat blends of formulas is more difficult than it seems because the fat content of human milk changes with the age of the baby and from feeding to feeding. The fat blend of formulas tries to match an “average” fat profile for human milk (whatever that means).

Of all the nutrients in formulas, the fatty acid profile is the most concerning. While formula fat does contain the two essential omega acids, linoleic and linolenic, it does not have any DHA , the fatty acid vital for brain development. Up until recently, researchers believed that infants could make DHA from these essential fatty acids as adults do, but recent studies have shown that formula-fed infants don’t have the same high DHA levels that breastfed infants do. Babies may need a supply of DHA ready-made. This biochemical infant quirk has caused a lot of controversy among formula manufacturers as to whether or not to add DHA. As it stands now, the DHA precursors, linoleic and linolenic acids, are there, but they are not as biochemically active as they are in breastmilk. In Europe, additional DHA fatty acids are added to artificial baby milks, and some nutritionists believe that without added DHA, American babies are currently fed formulas that have a fatty acid deficiency. Many researchers attribute the intellectual advantages of breastfeeding that are showing up in new studies to DHA. For the most updated information on DHA in infant formulas, see www.Store.Martek.com.

Another problem with the current fat blends is they don’t contain any cholesterol . On the surface this may sound like a nutriperk, yet we are once again tampering with Mother Nature. Human milk is sort of a medium-cholesterol diet, like all animal milks. The absence of cholesterol is another reason for concern in artificial baby milks.

Carbohydrate comparisons. Similac and Enfamil are practically the same in carbohydrate content, both containing only lactose. Carnation, on the other hand, contains 70 percent lactose and 30 percent malto-dextrin, a table-sugar- like carbohydrate that is, according to the manufacturers, necessary to balance the biochemical properties of the whey.

Let baby be the judge. With current knowledge, it’s impossible to rate one formula higher than another, and they’re all likely to change with time. While the three main brands seem to be nutritionally similar, it all comes down to which formula works better in your baby’s intestines.

Iron-fortified formulas. You will notice at the store that both Enfamil and Similac produce iron-fortified formulas and formulas that are lower in iron. In our opinion, and that of the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics, low-iron formulas have no place in infant nutrition. Carnation does not make a low iron formula, but only one formulation that contains the recommended amount of iron similar to that in the other two formulas.

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN

Yudhasmara Foundation

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN

Yudhasmara Foundation

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.

First, realize that your baby is less likely to take a bottle from you and more likely to accept it from another caregiver. She expects to be breastfed by you, not bottle-fed, so when you try to give her a bottle, she naturally thinks “what’s wrong with this picture?” Also, if you are in the same room or she knows you are nearby, she is unlikely to accept a bottle from a substitute.

If you can, choose a caregiver who’s a veteran bottle-feeder and ask her to experiment with various feeding positions. Some babies will more readily accept a bottle when held in the position they have become accustomed to during breastfeeding. Other babies are baffled by being held in the breastfeeding position during bottle-feeding and prefer to be held at a different angle. Still others will more readily take a bottle when being carried in a [XREF {/parenting/experts/sears/index081601.html} {sling. Also, show Dad how to feed his baby as both will enjoy this special feeding time.

Choose a nipple that resembles the shape of your own areola and nipple, with a wide base that gradually tapers down to the tip of the nipple, much like the natural shape your breast takes in your baby’s mouth. To entice your discerning little feeder, warm the nipple to make it more supple. Teach your baby to latch on to the artificial nipple in the same way she latches on to your breast: mouth open wide and lips turned out.

If your baby learns lazy latch-on habits on the silicon substitute, she may latch on to your nipple the same way, resulting in insufficient milk delivery and sore nipples. Show your caregiver how to let your baby suck on her finger between feedings. Using a finger as a pacifier sometimes teaches babies to more readily accept sucking on an artificial nipple.

Instruct your caregiver to interact with your baby during bottle-feeding by enjoying eye-to-eye contact, caressing her, and even wearing a short-sleeved blouse to promote skin-to-skin contact. Remember feeding is a social interaction, not just delivery of milk.

One of the newest ways of giving babies pumped breast milk — especially if your baby refuses a bottle — is to let your baby lap up the milk from a cup, like a little kitten. Use a tiny, flexible plastic cup that holds one or two ounces. You can use a disposable cup or purchase ones especially made for infant feeding (available from catalogs that sell breastfeeding supplies). Cups made of flexible plastic can be bent into a spout shape. Allow your baby to lap up the milk and swallow at her own pace. Don’t pour the milk into your baby’s mouth.

As your baby grows she is more likely to accept an occasional bottle. In the meantime, compliment yourself on the fact that you have a very discerning baby who loves you and enjoys being fed by you.

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN

Yudhasmara Foundation

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.

Review the issue of whether you should give your kids whole milk, low fat milk, or skim milk.

http://pediatrics.about.com/od/milk/i/05_milk_2.htm

Switching to Whole Milk

Feb 15, 2006 … Learn about how to change your child from an infant formula to whole cow’s milk so that she continues to get enough calcium in her diet.

http://pediatrics.about.com/od/weeklyquestion/a/04_change_milk.htm

Low Fat vs. Whole Milk

It does sound silly, until you learn that they are really only banning whole milk, in favor of low fat milk, and that the only snack chips that will still …

http://pediatrics.about.com/b/2005/12/14/low-fat-vs-whole-milk.htm

Milk Quiz

Review the issue of whether you should give your kids whole milk, low fat milk, … Review when you should change kids from whole milk to low fat milk. …

http://pediatrics.about.com/library/quiz/bl_milk_quiz.htm

Kids and Milk

Feb 15, 2006 … Review when you should change kids from whole milk to low fat milk. … It can be a big change to go from whole milk to skim milk, …

http://pediatrics.about.com/od/weeklyquestion/a/04_low_fat_milk.htm

Whole vs Low Fat Milk Poll

Related Articles. Milk – Low Fat vs. Whole Milk · Switching Milk · Kids and Milk · Milk – Low Fat vs. Whole Milk · Toddler Low Fat Diets …

http://pediatrics.about.com/library/polls/blpoll_low_fat_milk.htm

Calories from Drinks

Apr 19, 2006 … 3 servings of whole milk with chocolate flavoring = 720 calories (150 … By drinking more juice, soda, and the whole milk with chocolate, …

http://pediatrics.about.com/od/obesity/a/06_drnk_calorie.htm

Toddler Milk and Calcium Requirements

Feb 15, 2006 … Still, you could give soy milk and make up the extra fat with other foods in his diet. Is there a big difference? Not really. Whole milk has …

http://pediatrics.about.com/cs/weeklyquestion/a/020602_ask.htm

Toddler Low Fat Diets

Jan 26, 2005 … Q. My pediatrician insists that I give my 1 year-old 2% milk, and not whole milk . Everything I’ve read said that children should have whole …

http://pediatrics.about.com/od/weeklyquestion/a/05_low_fat_diet.htm

Soy Milk and Soy Baby Formula

May 15, 2008 … When looking, keep in mind that whole cow’s milk has 8g of fat per serving, while 2% reduced-fat milk has about 5g of fat. …

http://pediatrics.about.com/od/infantformula/a/0508_soy_milk.htm

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN

Yudhasmara Foundation

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.

Supported  by
CLINIC FOR CHILDREN

Yudhasmara Foundation

JL Taman Bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Indonesia 102010

phone : 62(021) 70081995 – 5703646

http://childrenclinic.wordpress.com/

Clinical and Editor in Chief :

DR WIDODO JUDARWANTO

email : judarwanto@gmail.com

Copyright © 2009, Clinic For Children Information Education Network. All rights reserved.